Innovative digital technologies in the electoral process: political and legal characteristics

Introduction. Digital innovation technologies are becoming an integral element of the transformation of modern political systems, having a significant impact on the structure and dynamics of the electoral process. Their implementation is accompanied not only by an increase in the efficiency and accessibility of electoral procedures, but also by the emergence of new political and legal risks related to legitimacy, transparency and regulatory regulation.

Purpose. A political and legal analysis of the digitalization of the electoral process in the Russian Federation with an emphasis on institutional models for the introduction of innovative technologies.

Methods. A comparative legal analysis of the stages of implementing digital solutions during the 2019 Moscow elections, the 2020 nationwide vote on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and the 2021 State Duma elections. Theoretical and methodological modeling of approaches to the digital transformation of the electoral process using institutional and systems approaches.

Results. It was established that the digitalization of the electoral system in Russia is being carried out through a mixed approach, combining technological neutrality with elements of legal institutionalization. Five conceptual models for implementing digital technologies in elections were identified, each differing in the degree of regulatory intervention and transformation of electoral procedures. Key problem areas in the digitalization of the electoral process were outlined–regulatory fragmentation and the issue of legitimacy of electoral procedures and the public's trust in their outcomes.

Conclusion. Digitalization of the electoral process is a politically significant process of implementing mechanisms for democratic participation. In the context of ongoing regulatory fragmentation and public distrust, the key political and legal challenge is the development of a sustainable strategy for managing the digitalization of elections, which can simultaneously maintain institutional stability and adapt to the demands of the digital age.

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